Aim: To investigate the effect of Afghan chehelghoza (Pinus gerardiana L.) on food consumption, body, and brain weight of male rats. Methods: This study was conducted in 2019. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control group, 2%, 6%, 12%, and 25% chehelghoza-treated groups, which consumed chehelghoza in their diet for 28 days. During this period, the daily food consumption was monitored and the body weight of each rat was assessed once a week. After treatment, their brain weight was also measured. Results: This study showed that the food consumption and body weight decreased in all chehelghoza-treated groups, especially in 2% and 6% groups during weeks 1 to 4 of the treatment period (P<0.0001) and at the end of weeks 3 and 4 in the 12% and 25% groups (P<0.01). However, an increase in the brain weight was only recorded in the 12% and 25% chehelghoza-treated group when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Chehelghoza pine nut consumption in high doses was effective on brain weight and in low doses was effective on body weight and food consumption parameters. Thus, consumption of chehelghoza may be considered as an effective dietary ingredient to prevent obesity with a beneficial effect on the brain.