Online ISSN: 2577-5669

French maritime pine bark extract (Pinus pinaster, Pycnogenol®) as an adjunct therapy in osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Behçet’s disease: a narrative review

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Jozélio Freire de Carvalho, Ana Tereza Amoedo Martinez

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of several rheumatic diseases. French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®) is a standardized polyphenolic

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