The article investigates modern approaches in pediatrics to the prevention of childhood diseases. The author notes that today it is necessary to monitor the health of the younger generation, because in the future children should become full-fledged citizens of their country, and their health is a potential, which in the full sense of the word is the “building material” of the foundation of any state. It must be remembered that lifestyle-related variables and inadequate environment that surround children and adolescents can affect their cardiovascular health, which can cause serious health problems in the future.The connection between obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia in childhood and cardiovascular risk in adults is quite consistent, and it is possible to overcome the negative impact of the above factors if appropriate prevention programs for childhood diseases are developed already in childhood, within which not only medical professionals, but also parents and educational organizations should act