The World Health Organization explained myelodysplastic syndromes as clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by dysplasia and ineffective hematopoiesis in one or more of the hematopoietic cell lines. Myelodysplastic syndromes have a high probability of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia. Dental care professionals should have a basic understanding of myelodysplastic syndromes to help support patients and deliver safe dental treatment.