The problem of dysbiosis is quite acute in medicine today, since this phenomenon is the primary cause of a number of diseases that quickly turn into a chronic form and reduce the quality of life of patients. To form a mechanism for the prevention of dysbiosis, it is necessary to understand the features of its occurrence and the factors affecting this process. The authors note that a timely approach to the implementation of preventive measures, as well as a properly chosen diet, will reduce the risks of further development of dysbiosis and increase the level of resistance of the body to various diseases.