Background: Since earlier times, humans have adjusted their diets to alleviate a variety of diseases, often with beneficial short- and long-term benefits. Diet was originally tried to treat and manage epilepsy in children in the late nineteenth century, with quite promising results. Finally, nutrition, fasting, and other dietary modifications have been utilized to help manage and treat numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and rheumatic diseases, with often remarkable outcomes. As a result of these considerations, the objective of this research was to determine if diet and fasting strategies may be effectively used to treat neurological diseases. Methods: The following electronic scientific resources were used in our analysis: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Between 1990 and 2022, appropriate English publications containing the phrases “fasting”, “diet”, “fasting mimicking diets”, “fasting imitating diets”, “ketogenic diet”, “water-only fasting”, “cerebral diseases”, “fasting in neurodegenerative disorders” and “diets in neurodegenerative disorders” were located. Results: Our findings indicate that dieting and fasting may be effective in treating and reducing the symptoms of neurological diseases, particularly in terms of lowered stress levels, which are important contributors to the symptomatology and pathophysiology of disorders. Numerous diseases have been linked to food. For example, caloric restriction has been shown to alleviate the severity of neurochemical imbalances, whereas intermittent fasting has been shown to protect neurons against malfunction and deterioration. Certain experimental studies have revealed that restricting food intake may enhance neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this narrative review demonstrate that diets may be effectively adapted to neurological illnesses when the patient’s current status, the severity of the disease, and the health status of the body are considered. In older individuals with serious neurological diseases, lighter diets with rigorous monitoring are indicated.