Modern surgery is a complex and diverse field of medicine in which specialists use a number of different specialized techniques. At the same time, carrying out a number of surgical interventions may be associated with the occurrence of certain complications, the impact of which on the results of the operation may be significant. Accordingly, the prevention of such complications is extremely important. This work includes the study of a number of approaches to the development and implementation of preventive measures that are necessary for conducting before, during and after surgical interventions. The frequency of infectious and inflammatory postoperative complications and the increase in the scale of the problem of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms dictate, first of all, the need for careful monitoring of the epidemic situation in the hospital and the study of changing trends in the spectrum of dominant pathogens. In addition, it is necessary to develop and introduce new antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs into the clinic, review existing algorithms for the treatment and prevention of complications arising from surgical interventions. The work emphasizes the importance of preventive measures to reduce complications of surgical interventions and improve the results of operations. Understanding the relationship between surgical techniques and complications allows surgeons to make informed decisions and apply appropriate preventive strategies.