Moral injury, a complex psychological phenomenon arising from moral conflicts within military contexts, is the focus of this review. Drawing upon diverse theoretical frameworks, including ethical theories such as deontology, consequentialism, and virtue ethics, as well as psychological models like cognitive-behavioral theories and trauma theories, this paper aims to deepen the understanding of moral injury among military personnel. Social and cultural perspectives, encompassing organizational dynamics, leadership styles, peer interactions, and societal norms, are examined for their influence on moral experiences and moral injury outcomes. Additionally, neurobiological approaches utilizing functional neuroimaging techniques are explored to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying moral processing and emotional responses in the context of moral injury. The integration of these theoretical perspectives informs discussions on integrated interventions targeting cognitive, emotional, social, and neurobiological dimensions to effectively address moral injury in clinical practice. Furthermore, policy implications, research priorities, and educational initiatives are highlighted to guide efforts in prevention, management, and mitigation of moral injury within military service.