The global issue of water pollution poses a significant threat to ecosystems and adversely affects the lives of millions worldwide. Beyond being a major risk factor associated with diseases and mortality, water pollution contributes to the continuous depletion of potable water resources. Developing effective, easily implemented, and cost-efficient solutions remains a critical challenge. This research explores cutting-edge technologies for water purification and evaluates their efficacy in removing heavy metal ions, recognized as some of the most harmful and prevalent pollutants. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an innovative class of porous materials composed of organic building units interconnected through covalent bonds, resulting in a three-dimensional structure with high porosity. These frameworks are characterized by their lightweight nature, large surface area, and tunable chemical properties, making them ideal for diverse environmental applications, including water purification and the removal of both organic and inorganic contaminants.